探析太阳能技术在建筑设计中的应用

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论文摘要: 能源是人类社会求生存和发展的物质基础，而以石油、煤炭等为基础的常规能源体系曾经极大程度的推动并促进了人类社会的发展，但这些常规的能源体系的过度开发直接导致了环境污染，为了可持续发展，我们应该充分开发和利用洁净能源。

Abstract: the energy is the material basis of human society strives for the survival and development, and based on oil, coal and other conventional energy system was greatly promote and promote the development of human society, but the conventional energy system's excessive development directly led to the pollution of the environment, in order to sustainable development, we should make full development and utilization of clean energy. 　　一、可持续发展太阳能在未来能源结构中的地位 A sustainable development, the status of solar energy in the future energy structure 　　国际能源机构预测，经济的发展离不开资源，目前全世界最常用的还是化石类能源，但随着经济的发展，煤炭和石油需求量越来越大，终有一天会枯竭。不同能源机构对世界能源供应情况的预测数据各有所不同，但基本结论都是相似的。即全世界的煤炭只能用220年，在未来短时期内化石类能源在能源供给结构站占据很大的比例，但随着科学技术的发展，可再生能源将逐渐替代化石类能源，并在2030之后开始逐渐进入大规模应用，随着经济的持续发展，可再生能源将在能源资源中占据越来越大的比例。与有限的化石燃料能源相比，太阳能堪称最为理想的可再生能源之一。随着太阳的辐射输出，光子能量完全可以转换成各种人类需要的能源。尤其是光能转换为最常见也是最高级的电能，而电能则可以转化为动能、热能等其它形式的能源。也就是我们只要充分利用自然界中最丰富的太阳能，完全可以满足人类的生活和生产需求。 The international energy agency predicted that the development of economy is dependent on the resources, currently the world's most commonly used or fossil energy, but with the development of economy, coal and oil demand is more and more big, will one day dry up. Different energy agency for the world's energy supply situation forecast data for each is different, but the basic conclusion is similar. That coal can only be used around the world in 220, a short period of time in the future fossil energy stand occupy large proportion in the energy supply structure, but with the development of science and technology, renewable energy will gradually replace fossil energy, and began to gradually enter the large-scale application, after 2030, with the sustained development of economy, renewable energy will occupy a larger and larger proportion in energy sources. Compared with the limited fossil fuel energy, solar energy is one of the ideal renewable energy. With the sun's radiation output, photon energy can completely convert energy of various kinds of human needs. Especially the light energy is converted to the most common is the highest level of energy, while energy can be converted into kinetic energy and heat energy, and other forms of energy. , that is, as long as we make full use of the most abundant in the nature of solar energy, can completely meet the demand of human life and production. 　　二、太阳能被充分利用的必然性 Second, the solar energy is make full use of inevitability 　　现代工业革命开创了现代文明，然而它都是建立在大规模开采和使用化石燃料的基础上的。“石油是工业的血液，煤是工业的粮食”是这一现状的最好诠释。化石燃料作为不可再生能源，之前的大规模开采和使用，已使化石资源日益枯竭，它已逐渐不能满足日益增长的经济需求，还诱发了不少国家之间、区域之间的政治经济纠纷，甚至引起冲突和局部战争。虽然我国矿物能源资源的储量是比较丰富，然而人均能源资源只有世界人均能源资源的二分之一左右。从能源消费结构来看， 我国是世界上最大的煤炭消费国，而根据大概的估计，我国的煤炭资源只能开采80年，而石油资源只能开采20年。1997年我国正式成为了《京都议定书》签约国，但其影响和约束，限排压力很大。我国的火力发电，尤其是煤炭发电极大程度的受到了限制。随后我国也正式加入WTO，我国的经济迎来了一个新的机遇，同时我国也正式步入了工业化中期，即重化工业阶段，其能源需求量和消耗量也将快速的增长。从环境保护方面来讲，化石能源的利用已造成了严重的环境污染，温室效应、酸雨等环境问题接踵而来，尤其是温室效应是全人类所面临的环境问题。为了可持续发展我们必须寻求新的可再生的绿色能源，太阳能作为自然界最丰富的洁净能源，而我国全年辐射总量为917—2333kW•h/m2，是世界上太阳能资源丰富的国家之一，因此太阳能是我国可再生能源的首选。 Modern industrial revolution began the modern civilization, but it is built on the basis of large-scale mining and the use of fossil fuels. "Oil is the blood of industry, coal is the food of industry" is the best interpretation of the status quo. Before fossil fuels as nonrenewable energy sources, the large-scale mining and use, has made fossil resource increasingly drying up, it has gradually can not meet the increasing demand, they cause a lot of disputes between countries, regional political and economic, and even lead to conflicts and local wars. Although mineral energy resources reserves are more abundant in our country, however, per capita energy resources only about half of the world's energy resources per capita. From the point of energy consumption structure, our country is the world's largest coal consumer, according to estimates, probably only mining of coal resources in our country in 80, while oil resources only 20 years. In 1997 officially became a signatory to the Kyoto protocol, in our country, but its influence and constraints, limited to a lot of pressure. China's thermal power, especially coal greatly limited. Then China also officially joined the WTO, our country's economy ushered in a new opportunity, at the same time the country has formally entered the mid-term of industrialization, the stage of heavy industry, its energy demand and consumption also will rapid growth. From the aspects of environmental protection, the use of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental pollution, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and other environmental problems, especially the greenhouse effect is the environmental problems faced by mankind. In order to sustainable development we must seek new renewable green energy, solar energy as one of nature's most abundant clean energy, and the annual amount of radiation is 917-2333 - kw • h/m2, is one of the country is rich in solar energy resources in the world, so solar is the first choice for renewable energy in China. 　　三、太阳能的利用方式 Third, the use of solar energy 　　目前太阳能的利用方式可分为光-热转换、光-电转换、光-化学转换。其中最成熟的就是光-热转化和光-电转化。而光-化学转换尚处于研究开发阶段，这种技术包括半导体电极产生电而电解水产生氧，利用氢氧化钙或重金属氢化物热分解储能形式。太阳能制氢问题解决了，才有真正意义上的氢利用，这将是引起时代的变革 At present the use of solar energy way can be divided into light - heat conversion, optical - electrical conversion, optical and chemical conversion. One of the most mature is light - heat conversion and light - electric transforming. And light - chemical conversion was still in the stage of research and development, the technology including the semiconductor electrode to produce electricity and oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water, using the thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide or heavy metal hydride storage form. Solar hydrogen production problem is solved, just have the true sense of hydrogen utilization, it will be cause changes of The Times 四、太阳能在建筑设计中的应用 Four, the application of solar energy in architecture design 　　目前建筑业是经济发展的重要产业，也是消耗能源较多的行业。尤其是现在住宅不仅仅是一个遮风避雨的场所，人们所追求的是建立在自然环境持续和谐发展基础上的优越的生活环境，即建筑中充分利用绿色能源、尽可能的减少建筑的能源消耗，在保护环境的根本前提下尽可能的因地制宜，合理利用当地的优势条件发展合宜建筑。 太阳能作为绿色洁净能源的使用对建筑行业来说是一种全新的发展思路。目前太阳能在建筑设计中的应用主要有太阳能发电、太阳能热水器、太阳能空调及太阳能暖气等，至于太阳能发电在建筑中的应用因其技术限制，导致造价太高，不太适合广泛的推广。下面我们将着重论述太阳能热水系统。 太阳能热水器是太阳能技术在建筑设计中应用的最广泛的绿色能源。太阳能热水系统主要是由太阳能集热系统和热水供应系统构成，包括了太阳集热器、贮水箱、循环管道、支架、控制系统、热交换器、水泵设备和福建。其中太阳能集热系统又是太阳能热水系统特有的组成部分，是太阳能是否能得到合理利用的关键。那么怎样充分利用太阳能，充分发挥太阳能热水系统的功效呢？ Current construction is an important industry of economic development, but also more energy consumption industry. Especially now that residence is more than just a place offered shelter, people's pursuit of sustained harmonious development is based on the natural environment on the basis of the superior living environment, make full use of green energy in the building, as far as possible to reduce building energy consumption, the fundamental premise of protecting the environment as much as possible, adjust measures to local conditions, reasonable utilization of the advantages of local development appropriate architecture. The use of solar energy as a green clean energy for the construction industry is a kind of brand-new development idea. Currently solar energy application in building design mainly include solar power, solar water heater, solar air conditioning and central heating, etc., as for the solar power application in the building because of its technical limitations, lead to cost is too high, not suitable for a wide range of promotion. Now we will focus on solar hot water system. Solar energy water heater solar energy technology in architectural design is one of the most widely used in the green energy. Solar hot water system is mainly composed of solar heating system and hot water supply system, including the solar collector, storage tank, circulating pipelines, bracket, control system, heat exchanger, pump equipment and fujian. The solar heating system and solar hot water system characteristic of the component, is the key to whether solar can get reasonable use. So how to make full use of solar energy, give full play to the effect of solar hot water system? 　　第一，首先我们在思维上要接受绿色建筑的概念，在建筑设计阶段就要把洁净能源的创意和思维与建筑的设计相结合。 First, first of all we want to accept the concept of green building in thinking, in the construction design stage to the clean energy ideas and thinking combined with architectural design. 　　第二，前面提到太阳能集热系统是太阳能利用的关键，因此我们在建筑设计中要运用太阳能热水系统的话，我们首先要做的就是尊重权威的质检部门出局的检测报告，在结合数据中的性能参数，再根据建筑物所在地的太阳能资源与气象条件进行优化设计，确保太阳能集热系统的长期稳定运行。 Second, previously mentioned solar heating system is the key to solar, so we want to use of solar hot water system in the architectural design, we first need to do is to respect the authority of the quality department inspection report, in combination with the data of performance parameter, then according to the building is located to optimize design of solar energy resources and weather conditions, ensure the long-term stable operation of the solar system. 　　第三，太阳能热水系统已形成了成熟的理论系统和实际构照，但很多传统的建筑没有给太阳能热水器预留空间。这会阻碍太阳能热水器的推广和发展，因此在设计建筑时要充分考虑到太阳能热水器预留空间。第四，为保证太阳能热水系统的设计合理，建筑设计单位和太阳能热水系统设计单位都应共同参与设计。同时太阳能热水器的安装应该要满足建筑功能和建筑防护要求，做到太阳能热水器和建筑有机结合，与周围环境想协调。总结：建筑是国民经济的主要支柱，而能源也是国民经济的命脉。随着常规能源的日益枯竭和因过度开发带来的系列环境问题，我们应该坚持走可持续发展道路，加快技术研究，充分开发和利用太阳能。 Third, solar hot water system has been formed a mature theory system and the actual structure, but a lot of traditional architecture there is no space reserved for the solar water heater. Would hinder promotion and development of solar water heater, therefore in the architectural design should fully consider the solar energy water heater when the reserved space. Fourth, in order to ensure the solar hot water system design is reasonable, the architectural design unit and solar water heating system design should be jointly participate in the design. At the same time, the solar water heater installed should meet the requirements of architectural function and protection, achieve organic combination of solar water heater and architecture, with the surrounding environment to coordinate. Conclusion: architecture is the main pillar of the national economy, and energy is the lifeblood of the national economy. As conventional energy depletion and because of the excessive development brings a series of environmental problems, we should adhere to the road of sustainable development, accelerating technological research, full development and utilization of solar energy.