项目范围管理（中英文对照）

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Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully. It is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is or is not included in the project. Figure 5-1 provides an overview of the major project scope management processes:
项目范围管理包括确保项目成功完成所必需的所有且是仅仅需要工作。它主要关心定义和控制什么包括或什么不包括在项目中。图5-1是项目范围管理过程的概览：
5.1 Initiation—commiting the organization to begin the next phase of the project.
立项－证实组织开始项目的下个阶段。
5.2 Scope Planning—developing a written scope statement as basis for future project decisions.
范围计划编制－制定范围说明，作为未来项目决策的基础。
5.3 Scope Definition—subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
范围定义－将主要的项目可交付成果分成小的、容易管理的部分。
5.4 Scope Verification—formalizing acceptance of the project scope.
范围核实－正式接受项目范围。
5.5 Scope Change Control—controlling changes to project scope.
范围变更控制－控制项目范围的变更。

These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.
这些过程相互之间以及同其它知识领域的过程交互作用。每个过程包含了基于项目需求的个人或集体的努力。每个过程在每个项目阶段一般至少发生一次。

Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
尽管这里描述的过程有定义很好的接口，并且是独立、离散的要素，实际上它们以这里未描述的方式重叠和交互作用。第3章中详细讨论过程的交互作用。